Pterocarpus marsupium, commonly known as Malabar kino or Indian kino, is a deciduous tree native to dry deciduous forests and moist deciduous forests, particularly in the Western Ghats, central Indian forests, and parts of Sri Lanka. It can grow up to 102 feet (31 meters) in height, with a notable trunk diameter that can reach up to 6 feet (1.8 meters). The tree is characterized by its large, spreading crown and flaky, grey-brown bark. It produces small yellow flowers arranged in dense, axillary panicles, which are followed by flat, winged, woody pods. The flowering season is typically from March to May, and while the flowers are not particularly showy, they are of ecological importance as they attract pollinators.

Malabar kino is valued for its medicinal properties, as the tree exudes a red resin known as kino gum, which has been used in traditional medicine for its astringent qualities. The wood is durable and termite-resistant, making it suitable for construction, furniture, and agricultural implements. In cultivation, it requires a tropical climate and thrives in well-drained soils, tolerating a range of soil types from poor to fertile. It is relatively drought-tolerant once established but benefits from regular watering during the initial growth phase. Full sun is optimal for its growth. While not commonly used in small gardens due to its size, it is suitable for reforestation projects and as a shade tree in large landscapes. Potential problems include susceptibility to leaf spot and fungal diseases, especially in conditions of high humidity.CC BY-SA 4.0