Dryopteris ×complexa, commonly known as Robust Male Fern, is a semi-evergreen fern native to various parts of Europe. It typically grows to a height of 3-5 feet (0.9-1.5 meters) and a width of 2-3 feet (0.6-0.9 meters). This fern is characterized by its robust, upright clumps of arching, lance-shaped, dark green fronds. The plant does not produce flowers but has fertile fronds that bear spores on the underside, which are used for reproduction.

Robust Male Fern is valued for its lush foliage and ability to thrive in shady conditions, making it an excellent choice for woodland gardens, shaded borders, and as an understory plant in larger landscapes. It is relatively low maintenance, requiring little care once established. It prefers consistently moist, well-drained soil and can tolerate a range of soil types, including clay. While it is generally disease-resistant, it can be susceptible to root rot if overwatered or planted in poorly drained soils.CC BY-SA 4.0