Mahonia trifolia, commonly known as Desert Holly or Agarita, is an evergreen shrub native to the chaparral, scrublands, and rocky hillsides of Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico. It typically grows to a height of 3-8 feet (0.9-2.4 meters) and a width of 3-5 feet (0.9-1.5 meters), with a dense, rounded form. The plant is characterized by its holly-like, trifoliate, leathery leaves that are blue-green with a waxy coating and sharp spines on the margins. In late winter to early spring, before the emergence of new leaves, it produces fragrant, bright yellow flowers that are quite showy, followed by red, edible berries that are favored by birds and can be used to make jelly.

Desert Holly is valued for its drought tolerance, low maintenance requirements, and the ornamental qualities of its flowers and berries. It is often used in xeriscaping, as a barrier plant due to its spiny leaves, and in wildlife gardens to attract birds. It thrives in full sun to part shade and is adaptable to a range of soil types, provided they have good drainage. While it is generally disease-resistant, overwatering can lead to root rot. It is also important to note that the plant’s spines can make it difficult to handle, so it should be placed carefully in the landscape.CC BY-SA 4.0