Ilex theezans, commonly known as Congonha, is an evergreen shrub native to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, particularly thriving in the understory of humid and shaded forest areas. This species is part of the diverse holly genus and is often found in the lower strata of the forest, where it contributes to the ecosystem’s biodiversity. It typically grows to a modest height of 2-4 meters, with a similar spread, and has a bushy habit with glossy, dark green leaves.

Ilex theezans is notable for its leaves, which are used locally to make traditional teas and medicinal preparations, similar to yerba maté. While it is sometimes used as an adulterant of maté, it is also valued in its own right for these properties. In cultivation, it prefers partial to full shade, consistent moisture, and well-drained, acidic soil. It is not commonly found in cultivation outside its native range, but it can be grown as an ornamental shrub in gardens that can replicate its native forest understory conditions. It is relatively low-maintenance once established, but gardeners should be aware that it may require protection from direct sunlight and wind.CC BY-SA 4.0