Castanopsis indica, commonly known as Indian Chestnut, is a nearly evergreen tree native to subtropical montane forests and mixed broadleaf forests in the Himalayan region, including Nepal and Bhutan, extending to Taiwan. It typically grows to a height of 26-46 feet (8-14 meters) with a dense, full crown that provides significant shade. The tree features thick, leathery leaves with serrated edges and a glossy dark green appearance. Its rough grey bark adds a rugged texture to the landscape. Castanopsis indica produces inconspicuous yellow-green flowers followed by distinctive reddish-brown fruit that is round and covered with long, thin spines, which are often eaten by squirrels and other wildlife.

The Indian Chestnut is valued for its hardy nature and adaptability to various soil types, although it prefers well-drained, acidic to neutral soils. It is moderately drought-tolerant once established and can thrive in both full sun and partial shade. The tree is not commonly found in cultivation but can be used in reforestation projects, as a shade tree in large gardens, or for its edible nuts. The wood is durable and used in construction, while the bark has tannin-rich properties utilized in tanning. Care should be taken when planting near structures or pavements as the root system can be expansive.CC BY-SA 4.0